Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence focused on building algorithms and statistical models that allow computer systems to improve their performance on a task through experience. Rather than following rigid, hand-coded rules, ML systems identify patterns in data and use those patterns to make predictions or decisions.

Machine learning is broadly categorized into supervised learning (learning from labeled examples), unsupervised learning (finding structure in unlabeled data), and reinforcement learning (learning through trial-and-error interaction with an environment). Each paradigm is suited to different types of problems, from classification and regression to clustering, dimensionality reduction, and sequential decision-making.

The field has grown rapidly thanks to increases in available data, computational power, and algorithmic innovations. Machine learning underpins a vast range of modern applications including recommendation systems, fraud detection, autonomous vehicles, medical diagnostics, and language translation.